Differential effect of global ischemia on the ryanodine-sensitive and ryanodine-insensitive calcium uptake of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The effect of ischemia on the function of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was assessed by the calcium uptake rate of rat whole-heart homogenates in the presence of 10 mM oxalate. Previous studies have shown that this uptake is restricted to the SR. The contribution of the ryanodine-sensitive fractions of the SR to the total homogenate uptake was assessed by using 20 microM ruthenium red and 625 microM ryanodine to close the SR calcium release channel under previously established optimal conditions. Global ischemia of 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes depressed homogenate calcium uptake rate 19 +/- 2%, 50 +/- 6%, 65 +/- 3%, and 81 +/- 5%, respectively. This decrease was not observed when the uptake rates were measured after closure of the calcium channel with ryanodine or ruthenium red. Similar results were obtained with a Langendorff in vitro perfusion preparation, in which calcium uptake was decreased 35 +/- 5%, 37 +/- 8%, 58 +/- 7%, and 64 +/- 4% after 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes of ischemia, but no significant decrease was observed when homogenate uptake rates were measured in the presence of ryanodine. Thus, ischemia caused a depression in the calcium uptake rate of cardiac SR only when this activity was measured in the absence of SR calcium channel blockers. Reperfusion of ischemic hearts in a Langendorff preparation resulted in recovery of homogenate calcium uptake activity that correlated well with the return to sinus rhythm of the reperfused hearts. These reperfused hearts showed no change in the calcium uptake rate measured in the presence of ryanodine. These results suggest that the decrease in homogenate calcium uptake caused by ischemia is not due to a defect in calcium pumping capabilities but is due to an increased efflux through the ryanodine-sensitive calcium release channel of cardiac SR.